ernest rutherford citation

Awarded to support doctoral and postdoctoral work, the scholarships were some of the most prestigious in the UK. Selecting this option will search the current publication in context. This could create a fluorescent glow. Rutherford's atom was a late product of the goals and . Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday, 1964. She was evacuated to Nelson in 1860 during the Taranaki Land War. 21, No. An engaging biography that captures the excitement of the early days of nuclear physics, Ernest Rutherford tells the story of the down-to-earth New Zealander who became one . Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 10assistant, M. (1905–1986) (L), and Ernest O. Lawrence in front of the 27-inch cyclotron at the old Radiation Laboratory at the ... such as Marie Curie and Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937), were making with the most rudimentary equipment. Furthermore, ernest observed that radioactivity of objects reduced with time ernest Rutherford Born on August 30, 1871, . The Rutherford-Bohr atom stands in the middle of a line of work initiated by J.J. Thomson and concluded by the invention of quantum mechanics. Ernest Rutherford. Born on August 30, 1871 in New Zealand, Ernest Rutherford was the 4th child out of 12. Rutherford’s efforts not only secured his future in the field, they also shaped the rise of one of the 20th century’s most influential scientific journals. Your Bibliography: Biography.com Editors, n.d. Ernest Rutherford. The scattering of α and β particles by matter and the structure of the atom. Hi Ernest Rutherford (30 Agosto 1871 - 19 Oktubre 1937) hya an Nueva Zealanda natawo nga Briton kemiko ngan pisiko nga nakilala nga "amay han pisika nuklear". Nagdaog hiya han Pasidungog Nobel para ha kemika ha tuig 1908. Rutherford continued serving as a mentor to young physicists while at Manchester. If you know a primary print source, or very early reference to this quote, please contact the Webmaster. Becquerel was interested in whether naturally phosphorescent minerals also produced x rays or emitted other unknown rays. The man who went nuclear: How Ernest Rutherford ushered in the atomic. Once Rutherford reached Cambridge, Thomson took care to introduce the young New Zealander to longtime residents and fellow newcomers. The appointment came as something of a surprise. Rutherford (with Thomson) had just completed research concerning the fact that X-rays made gases electrically conducting. 125, pp. Birth of Ernest Rutherford, Nobel Prize in Chemistry . Sitter in 16 portraits. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 564(M 68622) Name suggested and citation prepared by G. C. L. Aikman. ... (M 32094) Citation prepared by E. C. Stone. ... Once home to Stephen Leacocl and physicist Ernest Rutherford, the university ha: done pioneering research both on the ... As a boy Ernest was surrounded by hard-working . Rutherford felt isolated and frustrated by his distance from the centers of the physics world. Ernest Rutherford (1871 - 1937) là một nhà vật lý người New Zealand hoạt động trong lĩnh vực phóng xạ và cấu tạo nguyên tử. }, year = {}} . Ernest Rutherford was born in rural Spring Grove, on the South Island of New Zealand on August 30, 1871. They used the Macdonald Building’s liquid-air machine—a state-of-the-art piece of equipment available to only a handful of laboratories at the time—to cool the emanations from radium and thorium into liquids. Your Bibliography: N/A, n.d. Ernest Rutherford - Biography, Facts and Pictures. Ernest Rutherford Curves drawn by Rutherford in 1902 to show the rise and fall of activity of thorium and thorium X . Citation. Examines the life of the Polish-born scientist who, with her husband Pierre, was awarded a 1903 Nobel Prize for discovering radium. Ellis The University Press Cambridge [England] Wikipedia Citation Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 240Ibid . , extended quotation on p . 7 ( 353 ) . 41. ... G. Ising , “ Utredning om P. M. S. Blackett ” ( PKVA , 1948 ) , Nobel citation wording on p . 17 ( 218 ) . 46. ... Letter from Blackett to Ernest Rutherford , 5 July 1937. Nevertheless, Rutherford quickly made his scientific mark studying the transmission and detection of radio waves. trailer << /Size 73 /Info 43 0 R /Root 46 0 R /Prev 255806 /ID[<7db044f2e3ca575f3dc6cf70e4d37b23>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 46 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 42 0 R /Metadata 44 0 R >> endobj 71 0 obj << /S 247 /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 72 0 R >> stream He and his wife, Rose, looked for potential lodgings on Rutherford’s behalf before his arrival. (1908). The Rutherford Museum contains a collection of the actual apparatus used by Ernest Rutherford when he was Professor of Experimental Physics at McGill, 1898-1907. Available at: [Accessed 12 May 2017]. 0000001326 00000 n 1742-6596/381/1/012001 Abstract. 0000009015 00000 n Australian/Harvard Citation. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 93... with Ernest Rutherford in Cambridge and James Franck in Göttingen at the beginning of his research career. ... The citation referred to his discoveries in nuclear physics and cosmic radiation and the Wilson cloud chamber that he ... [online] Nobelprize.org. Ernest Rutherford Quotes: If your experiment needs statistics, you ought to have done a better experiment. As a member of Cambridge University's storied Cavendish Laboratory in the 1890s, Rutherford had discovered alpha and beta radiation, coauthored papers with the legendary J. J. Thomson, and developed a reputation Il découvrit les rayonnements alpha, les rayonnements bêta ; il découvrit aussi que la radioactivité s'accompagnait d'une désintégration des éléments chimiques, ce qui lui valut le prix Nobel de chimie en 1908. Curie adopted the term “radioactivity” instead of uranium rays to describe the phenomenon she was studying. Rutherford turned the Manchester physics lab over to studies of radioactivity and . of New Zealand but having failed to secure a post as a schoolteacher. To sign up for alerts, please log in first. John Desmond Bernal apparently was the prime locus for the dissemination of the remark and its common attribution. Sir Joseph John Thomson, commonly referred to as JJ Thomson, was born December 18, 1856 in Cheetham Hill in Manchester . 0000008206 00000 n Webmaster has not been able to find any earlier example of the quote in print. Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson was a New Zealand chemist who has become known as the "father of nuclear physics". Rutherford's parents, seeking economic opportunity, were part of the mid-nineteenth-century migration from . A century ago in May, Rutherford published a paper in the Philosophical Magazine interpreting experiments completed two years earlier by his assistants Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. Trouvé à l'intérieurI do so by first examining Ernest Rutherford's dictum as to what science is. ... to be accessible to a wider public than just academic colleagues, and one important way to achieve this is to leave out the formal citation of sources. He began looking for ways to ensure that his discoveries would get into print faster than those of rival scientists and be seen by colleagues in Europe. Rutherford demonstrated his abilities as a scientist early on while working on his B.Sc. Marie Skłodowska Curie, working in her husband Pierre’s laboratory at the École Municipale de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles in Paris, took up the study of Becquerel’s uranium rays. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 29Rutherford had already received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work with Soddy at McGill on radioactive ... Had Rutherford been so honoured , his colleagues would surely have been included in the citation , and Ernest Marsden ... Science (New York, N.Y.). Website. Over all, the supporting evidence is not strong. His experiment was elegant in its simplicity: He covered a piece of uranium with an increasing number of thin aluminum sheets and measured the uranium’s ability to ionize gas after each successive layer was added. Statistics and Probability questions and answers. Brooks did return to Montreal in 1903, but by that time Soddy had left for a position at University College London. %PDF-1.4 %���� Rutherford also struggled with the distance from his fiancée, Mary Newton, who was still living in New Zealand. Ernest Rutherford. 0000003714 00000 n Martha Rutherford (née Thompson) was born in England and arrived in New Plymouth in 1855 as a thirteen-year old. Ernest Rutherford's ambitions. Receive weekly updates with the most interesting articles. The positively charged alpha rays could not pass through more than 3 layers of foil, but beta rays were able to ionize gas through more than 12. As Rutherford and Soddy demonstrated, the liquefied emanations had different elemental identities from radium and thorium. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 154It seems likely that Becquerel and the Curies were aware of Ernest Rutherford's terminology. ... While the citation provided by Henri Becquerel is incomplete, it must almost certainly refer to (Rutherford, Uranium Radiation and the ... Science study series, S35. Ernest Rutherford. These are the sources and citations used to research Atomic Theory: Reference list. His protégés at Manchester included many notable physicists, among them Henry Moseley, who discovered that each element has a characteristic atomic number; James Chadwick, who discovered the neutron; and Niels Bohr, who revolutionized atomic theory and became one of the most influential figures in quantum physics. 444-466. Ernest Rutherford (30 Aug 1871-19 Oct 1937) was a New Zealand born British physicist who is considered to be the father of nuclear physics. British physicist (born in New Zealand) who discovered the atomic nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom (1871-1937) Update this biography » Complete biography of Ernest Rutherford »  Rutherford concluded that atoms have a central positive nucleus surrounded by negative orbiting electrons. In December 1906 he wrote to his mother to tell her that he had been offered a position in the UK: “I have received the offer of the Physics Chair at Manchester. Despite Thomson’s enthusiastic recommendation, Rutherford knew there would be fierce competition for the job and was uncertain of his chances. 0000000907 00000 n ���>���5X�;��X||�p�x���rh[�؉l����2��iǫG(�X�G����vgU�-�δ���?29N���A��yN?�&qC\u����Z~2겎\��X�;O�7�7�L�۶���77��J�%1 �NI ��ⵎ�P IhX��Xb��-����I�K| Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. Because he was far from where the most widely read physics journals were published, Rutherford often had to wait a month or more for his articles to cross the Atlantic Ocean and reach the editorial offices and then another month or more for those journals to send back page proofs. Ernest Rutherford, Baron Rutherford. In 1919, after the end of World War I, Rutherford received an even more desirable offer: To return to the Cavendish Laboratory as its new director (see figure, Rutherford left behind an impressive legacy. If your experiment needs statistics, you ought to have done a better experiment. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 237Rutherford “ The natural and artificial disintegration of the elements ' Ernest Rutherford : A Bibliography of His Non ... Michelson's citation lauds ' the methods which you have discovered for exactness of measurements ' and ' the ... t the turn of the 20th century, Ernest Rutherford (see figure 1) was a rising star in the fast- moving field of radioactivity physics. Ernest rutherford - biography. This page is intended to help find resources relating to Rutherford. Thomson’s old “plum pudding” model of the atom, which depicted positive and negative charge spread evenly throughout it like raisins in a dessert, was soon replaced with the nuclear model of the atom, in which positive charge was concentrated in a dense center. In Hevesy's paper an incorrect reference was given to Dorn's original paper (22) where radium was observed to Meet Ernest Rutherford Meet Robert Millikan Meet Marie Curie Meet James Chadwick Meet Max Planck Meet Albert Einstein Meet Niels Bohr Meet Louis De Broglie Meet Erwin Schrodinger Meet Werner Heisenberg CITATIONS JJ Thomson. Ernest Rutherford Quotes - BrainyQuote. When competing against “sprinters” like Becquerel and the Curies, who could get their manuscripts to the top-tier, The explosion of interest in x rays inspired, Prior to being scooped by the Curies in 1899, Rutherford had not contributed to, Interestingly, Rutherford’s desire to publish quickly did not lead him to seek out other weeklies besides, North American journals did not play a large role in Rutherford’s publishing strategy. Notably, Rutherford turned down offers of physics professorships from Victoria University College in New Zealand, the University of Western Australia, and Columbia University in New York, indicating that his goal was not simply to leave McGill but to move back to the UK. Physics is the only real science. Available at: [Accessed 12 May 2017]. The specific requirements or preferences of your reviewing publisher, classroom teacher, institution or organization should be applied. Charles R. Swindoll. Ernest Rutherford, in full Ernest, Baron Rutherford of Nelson, (born August 30, 1871, Spring Grove, New Zealand—died October 19, 1937, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, England), New Zealand-born British physicist considered the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791-1867). of those files. (1911). New Zealander - Scientist August 30, 1871 - October 19, 1937. “After the years in the Cavendish I feel myself rather out of things scientific, and greatly miss the opportunities of meeting men interested in Physics,” he told Thomson. All of physics is either impossible or trivial. powered by Disqus. Ernest Rutherford est un physicien et chimiste néo-zélando-britannique, considéré comme le père de la physique nucléaire. After working under J. J. Thomson at Cambridge he was professor of physics at McGill Univ. In 1894, after earning his BSc from New Zealand’s Canterbury College (now the University of Canterbury), Rutherford applied for and won an 1851 Exhibition Scholarship from the British Crown. Trouvé à l'intérieur... and the theory of Brownian motion and in 1916 on the general theory of relativity were not mentioned in the prize citation, ... Soddy missed out again four years later when the prize went to Ernest Rutherford, even though Rutherford ... Modern atomic and nuclear physics took its start in the early part of the twentieth century, to a large extent based upon experimental investigations of radioactive phenomena. Born on 30 August 1871 on New Zealand’s South Island, Rutherford was the fourth child of James, a Scottish-born wheelwright, and Martha, an English-born schoolteacher. Sandbh 03:31, 22 July 2021 (UTC) 14 citations have been added to the article. Rutherford’s time at the Cavendish coincided with a remarkable period of discovery in the physics world. �]U�"6�J���2 ����#��[��9sK�� ��pW��N �Æ-�\��}�ح��GF�Z&l2�qZF�Ubi �� �� Bip& In-text: (Biography.com Editors, n.d.) Your Bibliography: Biography.com Editors, n.d. Ernest Rutherford. In a letter home to his parents, Rutherford wrote that “I admire Thomson quite as much as I thought I would, which is saying a great deal.”. Thompson's program derived its inspiration from the peculiar emphasis on models characteristic of British physics of the 19th century. Ken Peach. (1898-1907), professor and director of the physical laboratory at . Publishing in British journals retained the advantage of publishing in Rutherford’s native language, English, and it also increased the likelihood that his work would be noticed by British physicists seeking a new colleague. That finding led to a revolution in atomic theory. Since Becquerel has discovered that his "uranium rays" also made gases conducting, it seemed like a natual evolution of Rutherford's . : J. L. Heilbron. To their surprise, a small percentage of the particles deflected back at them rather than passing easily through the foil as they had expected. Trouvé à l'intérieurLa citation « La science, soit c'est de la physique, soit c'est de la philatélie » provient d'Ernest Rutherford, prix Nobel de chimie en 1908 : il a déclaré cette phrase après sa déception d'avoir obtenu le Nobel en chimie car il se ... Ernest Rutherford: And the Explosion of Atoms. Ông được coi là "cha đẻ" của vật lý hạt nhân; sau khi đưa ra mô hình hành tinh nguyên tử để giải thích thí nghiệm trên lá vàng Ông khám phá ra rằng nguyên tử có điện tích dương tập trung . He also claimed that the electrons surrounding . I shall receive a better salary and be director of the laboratory and what is most important to me, will be nearer the centre of things scientifically.”. 0000007825 00000 n Those delays added up. Old-guard physicists such as Lord Kelvin had dismissed the idea that radioactivity could change one element into another and said it was no better than alchemy. That work earned Rutherford and Soddy each a Nobel Prize in Chemistry: Rutherford in 1908 and Soddy in 1921. They had witnessed the atomic equivalent, as Rutherford later described it, of an artillery shell bouncing backwards off of tissue paper. For his contributions to high energy physics as leader of key experiments at CERN investigating CP violation, and as director of particle physics at CCLRC's Rutherford Appleton Laboratory where he has played a key role in reviving accelerator science for particle physics applications in the UK. Ernest Rutherford is the father of nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics. Subsequent experiments revealed that the salts developed photographic plates even when the salts had not been exposed to sunlight—meaning that the production of what Becquerel termed “uranium rays” was not linked to the salt’s phosphorescence. [online] Famousscientists.org. 0000009743 00000 n He was the fourth of 12 children and the second son. Ernest Rutherford. 0000003665 00000 n Even though Rutherford initially faced a chilly welcome from fellow junior colleagues, his talents and Thomson’s mentorship soon helped him find a place in the UK’s physics community. 0000001736 00000 n Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand: Vol. … Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 543(M 68622) Name suggested and citation prepared by G. C. L. Aikman. ... (M 30477) Citation provided by Carolyn and Eugene Shoemaker and Wendee and David Levy. (6902) ... Once home to Stephen Leacock and physicist Ernest Rutherford, ... 0000004940 00000 n Of all created comforts, God is the lender; you are the borrower, not the owner. New Zealand.Rutherford left New Zealand in 1895, having earned three degrees from the Univ. Rutherford contributed to the atomic theory by testing Thomson's "plum pudding" theory with the "gold foil" experiment. On the other hand, Rutherford is the leading candidate because other ascriptions only emerged in the 1970s. 45 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 47 /H [ 980 367 ] /L 256834 /E 51291 /N 8 /T 255816 >> endobj xref 45 28 0000000016 00000 n H�T��n� E�|�,Su�g\"!o�Fʢ5i�Ʃ�#�,���7UƇ�;�ɶ�ǽ�g���h8C�;p/� ���;(J����]\͠=dd>\����FPJd�t8�� Rutherford was the central figure in the study of radioactivity, and with his concept of the nuclear atom he . Copy Citation Citation is copied Copy Citation Citation is copied Copy Citation Citation is copied; CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Ernest Gordon and the Wisdom of Forgiveness. In conclusion, this adage is usually attributed to Ernest Rutherford, and QI has found no alternative ascriptions with substantive support. In 1895 physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen noticed an interesting phenomenon while experimenting with a vacuum discharge tube: When he placed his hand between the tube and a screen coated with barium platinocyanide, the darkened image of the bones in his hand appeared on the screen. The Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University. Since Rutherford often pushed third-year students into research, saying this was the best . BibTeX @MISC{Leroy_allscience, author = {Wouter Leroy and C. Detavernier (ugent (co-promotor and P. Van Daele (ugent and P. Clauws (ugent and P. Vereecken (imec and Ernest Rutherford}, title = {All science is either physics, or stamp collecting. When Ernest Rutherford became Professor of Physics at Manchester University in 1907, he brought with him the research field in which he had played a leading role over the previous few years: radioactivity. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 334Ernest Rutherford's Nobel Prize citation read in part : " Rutherford's discoveries led to the highly surprising conclusion , that a chemical element ... is capable of being transformed into other elements ... Rutherford’s Britain-focused publishing strategy suggests that in addition to concerns about priority, he sought to reach a specific national audience. Encyclopædia Britannica considers him to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791-1867).. He called this region of the atom as a nucleus. Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 423... 303, 311-313, 314,357 africaines, 64-65, 140 auto-citation, 155, 253, 258 concernant la région Pacifique, ... 265 sciences sociales au, 85, 147 RQAN, programme, 123 Russell, J. M., 163 Rutherford, Ernest, 9 Rwanda, 46 ... Quoted in J. 0000003166 00000 n This bibliography was generated on Cite This For Me on Friday, May 12, 2017. H�b```�+���� cc`a�X�"���*������9���CK� {P�H"���\2 Rutherford and the Cavendish Laboratory. They had 12 children. Available at: [Accessed 2 May 2017]. This page is about the various possible words that rhymes or sounds like ernest rutherford.Use it for writing poetry, composing lyrics for your song or coming up with rap verses. Note: Citations are based on reference standards. She soon discovered that several materials—most famously, pitchblende—also emitted uranium rays. In 1898 he demonstrated the existence of two distinct types of uranium rays, which he called “alpha” and “beta.” Alpha rays were positively charged and readily absorbed by most substances, but beta rays were negatively charged and could pass through metal unhindered. Available at . In November 1899, for example, he was preparing a paper for, Being scooped was a blow to both Rutherford’s career ambitions and his ego. Hi Ernest Rutherford (30 Agosto 1871 - 19 Oktubre 1937) hya an Nueva Zealanda natawo nga Briton kemiko ngan pisiko nga nakilala nga "amay han pisika nuklear". One of the pioneers of radioactivity research, Rutherford feared his work would be overlooked—and changed his publishing strategies to make sure it wasn't. Melinda Baldwin is the AIP Endowed Professor in History of Natural Sciences at the University of Maryland in College Park. This apparatus enabled Rutherford to investigate the newly-discovered phenomenon of radioactivity, to establish the nature of the α-rays emitted by radium and thorium, and to . the famous physicist Ernest Rutherford was a pioneer in the study of radioactivity using electricity. Master's thesis, Texas A&M University. Portions of this article have . If your experiment needs a statistician, you need a better experiment. Available electronically from https: / /hdl.handle.net /1969.1 /3754. 669-688. Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937) Ernest Rutherford was born in Nelson, New Zealand. This option allows users to search by Publication, Volume and Page. Ernest Rutherford. “I think that this feeling of isolation is the great drawback to colonial appointments.”. One of the many scientists inspired to study Röntgen’s new phenomenon was Henri Becquerel, a professor at the prestigious École Polytechnique in Paris. %%% -*-BibTeX-*- %%% ===== %%% BibTeX-file{ %%% author = "Nelson H. F. Beebe", %%% version = "2.103", %%% date = "03 July 2021", %%% time = "09:00:55 MDT . This research paper "Ernest Rutherford and Nuclear Physics Contributions" shows that born to simple and hardworking country folks in New Zealand, Ernest Rutherford was destined to become what some call, according to Dr. John Campbell, "the father of nuclear physics". Trouvé à l'intérieur – Page 30811 L'hypothèse selon laquelle la lumière transporte de la masse n'est pas indispensable à la déviation de la lumière. Il suffit qu'elle transporte de l'énergie, équivalente à la masse. 12 La première citation est due à Ernest Rutherford ... Encyclopædia Britannica considers him to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791-1867). 51, Special issue: 150th anniversary of the birth of Ernest Rutherford. He discovered the concept of nuclear half-lives and achieved the first deliberate transformation of one element into another, fulfilling one of the ancient passions […] "Quand j'étais jeune étudiant en mathématiques, au début des années cinquante, je ne lisais pas beaucoup, mais ce que je lisais - quand j'arrivais à finir le livre - était souvent d'Erwin Schrödinger. You Need. Boltwood was arguably the most important radioactivity physicist in the US at that time, and like Rutherford, he struggled with the disadvantages of being at a distance from major research centers like Paris and Cambridge. He also spent a substantial amount of his career abroad, in both Canada and the . Frédéric Henry, jeune Américain volontaire dans les ambulances sur le front d'Italie, pendant la Première Guerre mondiale, est blessé et s'éprend de son infirmière, Catherine Barkley. 0000003052 00000 n Despite Thomson’s congeniality, Rutherford did not find his laboratory entirely welcoming. Other international radioactivity scientists followed Rutherford and Boltwood into the pages of, Rutherford’s publishing strategy paid off. in one experiment he observed the number of particles reaching a counting device during 1,700 intervals of 7.5 seconds each.let the random variable x= distribution of x is given below. Download article citation data for: Examining the Relation Between Ethical Focus and Financial Performance in Family Firms: An Exploratory Study Ernest H. O'Boyle, Jr, Matthew W. Rutherford, and Jeffrey M. Pollack Year Citation Score; 1929: Rutherford E.HIGH FREQUENCY RADIATION OF THE X-RAY TYPE. That same year, Rutherford was hired as a professor of physics at McGill. He showed that the magnetization can be removed from a magnetized iron needle b. In 1901, Rutherford and Brooks credited the Curies for the discovery of the element: Rutherford E & Brooks HT 1901, "The new gas from radium", Trans. They brought their children up in a relatively remote area, but they took pains to ensure that their children received a good education. Although he found productive collaborators in Soddy and Brooks, the young physicist felt far from the centers of the physics universe. Rutherford, Ernest. 0000004979 00000 n Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand: Vol. performed the experiment that led to the discovery of the alpha particle and its function in radioactive decay, which won him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908. Through numerous experiments, Rutherford changed our understanding of the atom. ��x �f`>T�%�X,�� �P�p��c4c�7c�/�4�b.f���aAs}�62�s�M; Vf(`�c8°�{Pu��K@\6 � �N� endstream endobj 72 0 obj 261 endobj 47 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 42 0 R /Resources 48 0 R /Contents 60 0 R /MediaBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /CropBox [ 0 0 612 792 ] /Rotate 0 >> endobj 48 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI ] /Font << /F1 58 0 R /F2 52 0 R /F3 66 0 R /F4 63 0 R /F5 54 0 R >> /XObject << /Im3 70 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 68 0 R >> /ColorSpace << /Cs6 59 0 R /Cs11 55 0 R >> >> endobj 49 0 obj << /Type /Encoding /Differences [ 32 /space 38 /ampersand 40 /parenleft /parenright 44 /comma /hyphen /period /slash /zero /one /two /three /four /five /six /seven /eight /nine /colon /semicolon 63 /question 65 /A /B /C /D /E /F /G /H /I /J /K /L /M /N /O /P /Q /R /S /T /U /V /W /X /Y /Z 97 /a /b /c /d /e /f /g /h /i /j /k /l /m /n /o /p /q /r /s /t /u /v /w /x /y /z 131 /ellipsis /emdash 141 /quotedblleft /quotedblright /quoteleft /quoteright 228 /adieresis 233 /eacute 252 /udieresis ] >> endobj 50 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 312 >> stream